Development and Social Change Essay

DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL CHANGE STRATEGIES IN KENYA IN THE 21ST CENTURYDEFINATIONSStrategy is a high level plan to discover adept or more goals below conditions of uncertainty. Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve these goals are usu every last(predicate)y limited. Strategy is oerly more or less attaining and maintaining a position of advantage over adversaries by dint of the successive exploitation of known or emergent possibilities rather than committing to any specific fixed plan designed at the outset. Henry Mintzberg from McGill University outlined organization as a pattern in a stream of decisions to contrast with a scenery of system as planning while Max McKeown (2011) argues that strategy is about shaping the future and is the forgiving attempt to get to desirable ends with available means. knowledge means a progression from a simpler or lower to a more advanced, mature, or complex form or stage. It is too defined as the gradual advancem ent or growth through and through a series of progressive changes. Development is a process, not a level. It is a path to achieve certain goals.see morefactors modify tender changeINTRODUCTIONIn the 21st century Kenyans have come up with assorted strategies to advocate for development and affectionate change. These strategies are mostly based on economic distinguish, governmental issue, and social issues those which are affecting the development and growth of our re earth. These strategies are induceing at modifying Kenya into a naked as a jaybirdly industrialized lay income country providing a high quality life to alone its citizens. For these development to be achieved thre have to be an all inclusive and participartory stakeholders and a consultive process involving Kenyan from all parts of the country. Kenyans are also get outing to from suggestions by some of the leading local and inter case experts on the newly industrialized countries almost the world have mad e the leap from poverty to widely spread prosperity and equity.Every strategy has been developed to address issues lying across them e.g. economic strategy aims to purify the prosperity of all Kenyans through an economic development programme covering all the regions in Kenya. Socialstrategy seeks to make water a just and cohesive society with social equity in clean and secure environment. Political strategy aims to realize a democratic political system founded on issue based politics that think of the rule of law and protect the rectifys and freedom of every individual. Kenyans in the 21st century are advocating for a consultive approach in its development involving as many ordinary Kenyans and stakeholders as possible i.e. creation service, private sector, complaisant society, media and non government organization. The importance of consultations is to provide in-depth understanding of countries development problems and necessary strategies to achieve development. minute an alysis is carried under the consultative approach in order to come up with the strategies capable of closure the social and political problems that face Kenyans today. FindingsIn every category of the strategy Kenyans have come up with ways to address the problem found in that particular category.The Social StrategyKenyas tour towards prosperity also involves the building of a just and cohesive society, enjoying equitable social development in a clean and secure environment. This quest is the basis of transformation of the problems found in the category of social strategy, I .e. Education and breeding Health Water and Sanitation the surround Housing and Urbanization as hearty as in Gender, Youth, Sports and Culture and also in terms of promoting equity and poverty decrement across the entire Kenyan society. It also makes special provisions for Kenyans with various disabilities and previously marginalized communities. Education and Training chthonian education and teach Kenya go out provide a globally competitive quality education, training and research for development. The overall goal for 21st century is to reduce illiteracy by increasing admission price to education, alter the transition rate from primary to secondary schools, and raising the quality and relevance of education. The Health arenaTo improve the overall livelihoods of Kenyans, the country aims to provide an efficient and high quality health care system with the best standards. This result reduce health inequalities and improve key areas where Kenya is lagging, especially in lowering baby and maternal mortality. Specificstrategies will involve provision of a robust health fundament meshing improving the quality of health service livery to the highest standards and promotion of partnerships with the private sector. Water and SanitationKenya is a water scarce country. The country therefore aims to conserve water sources and start new ways of increase and using rain and underground wat er. The 21st century has a vision for Water and Sanitation is to reassure that improved water and sanitisation are available and price of admissionible to all. The goal to increase both access to safe water and sanitation in both rural and urban areas beyond present levels The EnvironmentKenya aims to be a nation lifespan in a clean, secure and sustainable environment. Specific strategies will involve promoting environmental conservation for better support to the economic pillar, improving pollution and waste way through the design and application of economic incentives and the commissioning of public-private partnerships for improved efficiency in water and sanitation delivery. Housing and UrbanizationThe 2030 vision for housing and urbanization is an adequately and decently housed nation in sustainable all inclusive environment. The goal for 2012 is to increase the annual crossingion of housing units from the current 35,000 annually to over 200,000. Kenyas cities and towns a re poorly planned. There is an acute need therefore for an effective capacity for regional and urban development planning. In addition, there will be better development of and access to low-priced and adequate housing enhanced access to adequate finance for developers and buyers, and pursue targeted key reforms to unlock the strength of the housing sector. 6. Gender, Youth and Vulnerable GroupsThe 2030 vision for gender, youth and vulnerable groups is gender equity, improved livelihoods for vulnerable groups, and a responsible, globally competitive and prosperous youth. The goal for 2012 is to increase opportunities all-round among women, youth and all disadvantaged groups. 7. loveliness and Poverty EliminationThe 2030 goal for Equity and poverty elimination is to reduce the number of people living in poverty to a tiny proportion of the total population. Kenya will aim at a society that guarantees equality of opportunity in accessing public services and providing income generatin g activities as widely as possible. That will be achieved by placing the citizens at a level of income sufficient to cater for basic requirements of a healthy, fatty life. 8. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI)Vision 2030 will be based on the creation of international fight through more efficient productivity at the firm and household level, with government support. However, all the strategies and flagship redacts will exploit knowledge in science, technology and innovation (STI) in order to function more efficiently, improve social welfare, and also promote democratic brass instrument. STI can and will be applied in all the lead sectors. The education and training curricula in the country will, therefore, be modified to ensure that the creation, adoption, adaptation and custom of knowledge become part of formal instruction.Economic strategyThe Kenyan economy, East Africas largest, has undergo considerable growth in the past few years, driven by several key factors. The c ountry enjoys some particular advantages a reasonably hygienic-educated labour force, a vital port that serves as an entry point for goods destined for countries in the East African and Central Africa interior, abundant wildlife and kilometers of attractive coastline and higher up all, a government that is committed to implementing business reforms. This strategy seeks to improve the prosperity of all regions of the country and all Kenyans by achieving a 10% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate by 2012(vision 2030). To achieve this target, Kenya is continuing with the tradition of macro-economic stability that has been established since 2002.It is also addressing other key constraints, notably, a low nest egg to GDP ratio, which can be alleviated by drawing in more remittances from Kenyans abroad, as well as increased foreign investment and overseas development assistance The country is continuing with the governance and launchingal reformsnecessary to accelerate economic gr owth. Others critical problems being addressed include poor infrastructure and high energy costs. The five key sectors described below are being given antecedence as the key growth drivers for achievement of the economic vision * Tourism* Increasing set in agriculture* A better and more inclusive wholesale and retail trade sector * Manufacturing for the regional securities industry* Financial servicesTourismThis sector aims to be one of the top ten long- entice tourist destination in the world. To achieve this it has put ahead some strategies as their guideline that is oblation a high end, diverse and distinctive visitor experience, achieving high tourist revenue by improving facilities in all underutilized parks, creating new high value niche product and investing in new conference facilities to boost business tourism AgricultureThis aims to promote an innovative, commercially- oriented and current awkward sector. This will be accomplished through transforming key institutio n in agricultural and livestock to promote agricultural growth, increasing productivity of crop and livestock, introducing more irrigable areas in arid and semi- arid areas for both crops and livestock. It also aim sat adding value to our firm and live stock products before they reach local and international market (vision 2030)Whole sale and retail marketAims to raise earnings by giving our large wanton sector opportunities to transform itself into a part of a formal sector that is efficient, multi tiered, diversified in product range and innovative. This will be raised through training and credit, improving efficiency by minify the number of players between the producer and the consumer (vision 2030) ManufacturingIt aims to have a robust, diversified and competitive manufacturing sector. This will be achieved through the implementation of the following restricting key local industries that use raw materials but are shortlyuncompetitive, exploiting opportunities in value additio n to agricultural product.The Political PillarThis aims to realize a democratic political system founded on issue-based politics that respects the rule of law, and protects the rights and freedoms of every individual in Kenyan society. It hopes to transform Kenya into a state in which equality is entrenched, irrespective of ones race, ethnicity, religion, gender or socio-economic berth a nation that respects and harnesses the diversity of its peoples values, traditions and aspirations for the benefit of all its citizens. The political pillar vision for 2030 is a democratic political system that is issue-based, people-centered, result-oriented and accountable to the public. An issue-based system is one in which political differences are about means to meet the widest public interest.People-centered goals refer to the systems responsiveness to the needs and rights of citizens, whose participation in all public policies and resource allocation processes is both fully appreciated and f acilitated. A result-oriented system is stable, predictable and whose performance is based on measurable outcomes. An accountable system is one that is open and transparent and one that permits free flow of information. This vision is expected to guarantee Kenyas attainment of the specific goals outlined under Vision 2030s economic and social pillars To meet objectives outlined in the economic and social pillars, Kenyas national governance system is being transformed and reformed to acquire high-level executive might consistent with a rapidly industrializing country. The country is adopting a democratic decentralization process with substantial devolution in insurance-making, public resource management and revenue sharing through devolved funds. This has been achieved through a delivery of a new constitutional dispensation which came in effect in August 2010. Transformation within Kenyas political governance system under Vision 2030 is expected to take place across sextuplet strat egic initiatives, whose overarching visions, goals and specific strategies for 2012 are as follows * Rule of law* Electoral and political processes* commonwealth and public service delivery* Transparency and accountability* security system, peace building, and conflict managementRule of lawUnder the rule of law the vision 2030 is adherence to the rule of law is as applicable to a modern market based economy in a human right respecting state. A lighting the national policy and ratified framework with the need of a market based economy, national human right and gender equality commitment. Increasing access and quality of service available to the public and reducing barriers of justice. Democracy and public service deliveryPeople centered and political engaged open society, pursuing, constitutional and legal reforms necessary to dissolve to more resources and responsibility to local governance institution. Encouraging formal and informal courteous education and action programmes, p romoting open engagement between government and civil society as well as the free flow of information. Transparency and accountabilityTransparent, accountability, ethical and result oriented government institution strengthening the legal framework for ant- corruption, ethics and integrity. Promoting result based management within the public service, introducing civil oversight around key legal justice and security, strengthening government legislative oversight capacity. SecuritySecurity of all persons and property throughout the republic, Promoting public- private cooperation and community involvement for improved safety and security, Deeping policy legal and institutional reforms for improved enforcement of law and order, Promoting national and international dialogue in order to build harmony among ethnic, racial and other groups. Electoral and political processSeeks to cultivate genuinely competitive and issue based politics introducing rules and regulations covering political p olicies, enhancing the legal and regulatory framework covering electrical process, conducting civil education programmers to widen knowledge and participation among citizens leading toan informed active citizens.ConclusionFor development and social change to occur Kenyans in the 21st century Kenyans should evaluate the pre and post development and analyze the strategies they want to put across and see whether they will be of any impact or they will be able to serve them effectively. There should be an integration of all strategies for sustainable development to occur. That is they should put value both in economic, social and political strategies. Commitment is expected for both the government and civil society, international, local and personal positive relationships are also major contributors to sustainable development in the 21st century. Mission, vision, goals and objectives should be successfully laid, well defined and achievable.ReferencesVision 2030 documentThe national broa d strategyVision 2030 flagship project